Tuesday, April 30, 2024
1:00 - 4:00 pm

Two of the critical obstacles to realizing the potential of Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G) applications in North America are the standardization of the technology and policies and the achievement of an interoperable infrastructure. The goal is to rapidly scale the infrastructure for mass adoption of V2G.

The current trajectory of standardization in the US is to focus on the charging infrastructure without adequate attention to its impact on the adoption of V2G. This presents a significant barrier to adopting this technology on a scale. Further, the charging infrastructure is suffering from insufficient interoperability, slowing consumer adoption of EVs which also slows the scaling of V2G.

EPRI estimates that full adoption of V2G technology in California could result in over $1 billion year in annual savings of energy costs. EPRI further estimates that the potential EV battery capacity connected to the US electrical grid in 2035 will be equal to the total peak electric power required in the US.

The potential value of V2G is so compelling that researchers, utilities, utility commissions and the electric vehicle industry are investing serious resources to build a V2G infrastructure, not only in North America but elsewhere in the world.

However, unlike traditional renewables like solar and battery storage, the technical, business and policy challenges of V2G are significantly more complex. To start with, the "storage" resource in EV batteries is available to grid operators only as a secondary use case for the vehicles. Secondly, the competing standards eco-systems for V2G have yet to reach a harmonized state that supports rapid V2G scaling.

Even with adequate business and policy models, the technical management of different types of EVs -- e.g., residential charging, workplace charging, fleet and heavy-duty vehicles -- to deliver value to the grid when needed while serving the primary need to charge vehicles is not a trivial task. It requires sophisticated functional and communications standards and an interoperable eco-system of OEMs in order to scale and manage V2G resources successfully for both transportation and grid objectives.

Lastly, as the US is investing in a state-of-the-art charging infrastructure, it is not doing so with a clear pathway to support V2G using that same infrastructure. Nor is achieving adequate interoperability of the charging infrastructure happening at the rate needed. The current charging standards do not support the information exchanges required for V2G operation -- today. And it is by no means clear if that support will be there when needed for mass deployment of V2G.

This 3-hour workshop is designed to provide a foundational understanding of:

• The technical hurdles to mass deployment of vehicle to grid in the North America electrical system
• The state of standardization of key technologies for V2G
• The charging infrastructure interoperability challenges and progress
• The challenges in implementing V2G in the emerging charging infrastructure

The workshop will provide a high-level view of the following topics:

• Collaboration and integration of electric utilities and the EV industry
• Definition of V2G and key use cases
• Technical challenges to creating an adequate V2G infrastructure
• Deployment challenges and architectures for V2G communications
• The role of IEEE 1547 and UL 1741 in V2G
• Communications and functional standards for V2G
• Achieving interoperability of a new technology eco-system
• The development of V2G infrastructure on the emerging charging infrastructure of ISO 15118/CCS and OCPP
• Different charging deployment standards and V2G -- e.g., residential J1772, DC Fast charging CCS/ISO 15118, ChaDEmo, Tesla NACS
• When will the charging infrastructure be adequately interoperble

Schedule

1:00 - 1:45 pm       Session 1: Introduction to V2G and Technical Challenges to Mass Deployment
1:45 - 2:30 pm       Session 2: Technical Standardization for V2G
2:30 - 2:45 pm       Coffee Break
2:45 - 3:15 pm       Session 3: V2G Technology Standardization Challenges
3:15 - 4:00 pm       Session 4: Charging Infrastructure Standardization and Interoperability

Detailed Agenda

Session 1: Introduction to V2G and Technical Challenges to Mass Deployment

- Workshop Scope
- What is V2G?
- Supports Grid Operations
- What we mean by "Communications"
- The Value of V2G
- Key EV Integration Use Cases
- Use Case 0 = none
- Use Case 1 = Managed Charging
- Use Case 2 = Vehicle to Grid applications
- Challenges to V2G Mass Adoption in North America
- Technical challenges and the charging infrastructure

Session 2: Technical Standardization for V2G

- What needs to be standardized?
- V2G Use Cases
- EVs as DERs: Interconnection based on IEEE 1547
- Communications Architecture and Standardization for V2G
- V2G Standards, Protocols and Messaging
- Cable, Plug and Protocols
- V2G Standardization in CA and Standards Status
- National EV Infrastructure Program (NEVI)
- Other V2G Standardization Efforts
- ISO 15118 and OCPP as IEEE 1547 standards

Session 3: V2G Technology Standardization Challenges

- The Challenge of V2G on a charging infrastructure
- The Emerging North America Charging Infrastructure Technologies
- J1772 Level 2 AC Charging Infrastructure
- CCS/ISO 15118
- Tesla NACS
- ChaDEmo
- V2G operating models with charging infrastructure
- Harmonizing standards
- How do we move forward?

Session 4: Charging Infrastructure Standardization and Interoperability

- Charging interoperability challenges
- US Charging Infrastructure standards
- Charging Interoperability status and challenges
- Building an interoperable charging eco-system

Workshop Facilitator: